This book contains several chapters including introduction of intumescent fire retardants, earlier developments and challenges of thermal performance, toxicity of binder system and intumescent ingredients. These are followed by the study of replacing expandable graphite by PER where extensive study was conducted to identify suitable contents and particle size of expandable graphite. A part of work on bauxite waste reinforced coating is also presented considering thermal performance, adhesion, and toxicity of coating for the safety of building and inhabitants. A chapter on reinforcing bio-filler in intumescent coating and their performance is also dedicated for the audiences. A new study on reinforcing short and long inorganic fibers in the coating and their thermal, char adhesion and toxicity is also presented. The hybridisation of the inorganic fibers and their influence on the coating performance is also devoted.