This book explores the diversity of non-tree plant species in northern Peninsular Malaysia, including ferns, aroids, wild orchids, palms and major climbers. It presents a wealth of information on their distribution, endemism, ecology, conservation status, new occurrence records, economic importance and ethnobotanical perspectives. The book offers a comprehensive overview of fern species in the region, revealing significant data gaps in the assessment of their global and national conservation statuses. It also explores the agronomic potential of underutilized aroids, particularly species from the genus Amorphophallus, which could become important high-value crops for Malaysia. Additionally, it highlights the diversity of wild orchids found in unique karst habitats, showcasing great species diversity and endemism, along with numerous new locality records for Peninsular Malaysia. The analysis of palm species, especially rattan, emphasizes the crucial role of fauna in population stability, while the discussion of climbers challenges the perception of these plants as mere competitors to timber trees, showcasing their critical ecological contributions. Ideal for researchers, conservationists and students, this book serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding the ecological and economic significance of Malaysia’s diverse non-tree flora.