For Malaysia, with a demography consisting of 63.5% Muslims and 36.5% non-Muslims, living together in peace and harmony is no longer an option, but a necessity. This Policy Issue Paper (PIP) 1 delves into the Shariʿah discussion on fiqh al-taʿayush and explores its application within the context of Malaysia. In doing so, it highlights several key documents such as the Charter of Madinah, the Marrakesh Declaration, the Malaysian Federal Constitution, and the Rukun Negara.