The rapid advancement of financial technology (Fintech) has transformed the banking industry, creating new opportunities for innovation while introducing complex challenges in profitability, financial risk, and regulatory governance. Understanding these changes is essential for ensuring the long-term resilience and sustainability of modern banking institutions. This book highlights the impact of Fintech adoption on bank performance, examining how technological innovation influences profitability and financial risk across Islamic and conventional banks in Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries. Drawing on empirical evidence, it explores the role of risk exposure and bank type in shaping financial outcomes, while offering valuable insights into the opportunities, challenges, and policy implications of digital transformation in banking.